IMPACT OF LANGUAGE LABORATORY ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
EKITI STATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL PAGE ii
CERTIFICATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLE viii
ABSTRACT ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Delimitation of the study
- Research Questions
1.7 Assumptions
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Brief History of the English Language in Nigeria
2.3 Meaning of Language Laboratory
2.4 Types of Language Laboratory
2.5 Importance of Language Laboratory with Language skill
2.6 The Need for a Language Laboratory
2.7 The Significance and Relevance of the Language Laboratory
2.8 The Influence of Language Laboratory on Teaching
and Learning of English Language’
2.9 Summary of Literature Reviewed
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Area of study
3.4 Population of the study
3.5 Sample of the study
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection
3.7 Validation of Instrument
3.8 Reliability of the instrument
3.9 Administration of the Instrument
3.10 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Discussion of the findings
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Implication of the study
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Limitations
5.6 Suggestion for further Research
References
Appendices
LIST OF TABLES
- Teachers’ gender
- Teachers’ Experience
- Teachers’ Academic Qualification
- Teachers’ Opinion on language laboratory
- Usage of language laboratory equipment in teaching
- Teachers’ response on language laboratory
- Teachers’ response on language laboratory teaching
- Students’ gender
- Students’ class
- Students’ opinion on language laboratory
- Usage of language laboratory equipment in learning
- Students’ responses on language laboratory teaching and learning
- Students’ responses on language laboratory
- Teachers’ gender opinion on language laboratory
- Teachers’ gender responses on language laboratory
- Teachers’ gender responses on language teaching and learning
- Teachers’ qualification opinion on language laboratory
- Teachers’ qualification responses on language laboratory
- Teachers’ qualification responses on language teaching and learning
- Students’ gender opinion on language laboratory
- Students’ gender responses on language laboratory teaching and learning
- Students’ gender responses on language laboratory
ABSTRACT
This
study investigated the impact of language laboratory on teaching and
learning of English language in secondary schools. It is believed that
Language laboratory teaching in secondary schools would have improved
teaching and learning of English language in secondary schools, but
there is no language laboratory in many schools in Ekiti State. And
also, teachers and students were not trained to use language laboratory.
The research was carried out in four (4) secondary in Ado local
government. A total number of 100 respondents were used as samples, and
the samples used in analyzing the data were based on simple percentage
count frequency. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire
designed by the researcher which was validated and proved reliable by
the supervisor. The research finding revealed that there is absence of
language laboratory in secondary schools in Ekiti state which make
teaching and learning of English language ineffective in secondary
schools in the state. Based on the findings, it is recommended that
there should be provision for language laboratory in schools in order to
foster effective teaching and learning of English language,
stakeholders in Education should make implementation of language
laboratory in curriculum planning. Proper training should be given to
teachers/instructors and students on how to use language laboratory
equipments, Government and Public should assist in provision of language
laboratory equipments to enhance teaching and learning of English
language.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
English
Language has remained the language of government, law, administration,
politics, mass media, commerce and all sorts of social engagement for
people from different language groups in Nigeria. It is the language of
education and medium of instruction for all subjects expect the
indigenous languages or French. A credit or at least a pass in it is one
of the prerequisites for admission into any higher institution of
learning in the country. Therefore English has become so important that
we cannot avoid speaking or writing it in a way that is universally
accepted. An appreciable degree of competence is expected from the
learners of English. In various domains in Nigeria, English language has
proven to be a more efficient medium than any of the native languages.
According
to Bamisaye (2004), English language is one of the most important
languages of the world. Spoken by 370 million people as a first language
in the United Kingdom, the United States and former British Empire, it
is the largest of the occidental languages. English, however, is not the
most widely used language in the world. Chinese is spoken by more than a
billion people in China alone. Some of the European languages are
comparable with English in reflecting the forces of history especially
with regard to European expansion since the sixteen century. Spanish,
next in size to English, is spoken by about 210 million people, Russian
by 210 million, Portuguese by 125 million, German by 110 million, French
by 85 million native speakers (and a large number of second language
speakers), Italian by 65 million speakers.
Attah (2010) opined
that, a language may be important as lingua franca in a country or
region which has different languages or dialects would otherwise be
unable to communicate. This is especially true in the former colonies of
England and France whose colonial languages have remained indispensable
even after independence and often in spite of outright hostility to the
political and cultural values that the European languages represent.
French and English are both languages of wider communication, yet the
changing position of the two languages in international affairs during
the past century illustrate the extent to which the status of a language
depends on extra linguistic factors.
According to Bamisaye
(2006), English Language is the language used in Education sector, it is
introduced as a subject in first year of the primary school up to
secondary school and including the university level; it is a medium of
instruction. Therefore it is necessary that student should understand it
because of the greater importance attached to it. Most students dread
from it because there are mass failures in the subject, reason been
there are no competent teachers to handle the subject and also there are
inadequate or no Language Laboratories in most of the Secondary
Schools.
Hindu (2006), Define Language Laboratory as a room in a
school, college, training institute, university or academy that contains
special equipment to help students learn foreign languages by listening
to tapes or CDs, watching videos, recording themselves, etc. The
Language Laboratory is an audio or audio-visual installation used as an
aid in modern language teaching. It was also called Speech and Writing
Laboratory. All the four language learning skills (Listening, Speaking,
Reading and Writing) are given importance and learners are provided with
ample opportunities to practice by listening to the audio programmer
and watching the video clips. In other words, a Language Laboratory is a
room consisting of instructional technology tools source unit that can
disseminate audio, audio-visual, and/or written materials to any number
of students at individual seats or carrels, with a wide variety of
potential feedback mechanisms to the student, teacher, or other
students.
The Language Laboratory is used for language tutorials,
which are attended by the students and persons who voluntarily opt for
remedial English classes. Lessons and exercises are recorded on a
cassette or computer so that the students are exposed to a variety of
listening and speaking drills, This especially benefits students who are
deficient in English and also aims at confidence-building for
interviews and competitive examinations. The Language Laboratory
sessions include word games, quizzes, extemporary speaking, debates,
skits etc. These sessions can also be conducted online where many
websites provide practice sessions.
According to Deepika and
Kalaiarasan (2012), Language Laboratory is an audiovisual installation
used in modem teaching methods to learn the foreign languages. Perhaps
the first Language Laboratory was at the University of Grenoble. In the
1950s up until the 1990s, they were tape based system using reel to reel
or (latterly) cassette. But the current installations are generally
multimedia computers. The Language Laboratory is a technological break
for imparting skills in English Language. The Language Laboratory offers
an exclusive result oriented and efficient to enrich the English
Language learning process. The multimedia based Language Laboratory help
to learn and enhance the language proficiency by sharing the course
materials with in a second where the teacher and the students involved
effortlessly. The Language Laboratory is developed on the methodology of
Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing skills (LSRW).
Bygate (
2001), pointed out that since the mid-1970s tape-recording has been
sufficiently cheap and practical to enable the widespread study of
talk—whether native speaker talk or learner talk—and use of tape
recorders in language classrooms. Besides tape recorders, the
audio-language laboratory has been highly used in language teaching to
make students aware of the characteristics of spoken discourse. The
audio-language laboratory has played an important role in language
teaching for a long time. Its main objective was to help language
students improve the aural-oral skills. With the implementation of the
Language Laboratory, many language teachers developed new techniques in
order to derive all possible advantages of this tool in the field of
applied linguistics.
Bygate (2001) expanded on this and says that
when tape recorder and Language Laboratories gradually came into
existence in the 1950s, they were mainly used for pronunciation, grammar
and translation practice, often in the context of courses named as
such. During the 1960s, the Language Laboratory rapidly became one of
the most innovative audio components ever built; however, just as it
became popular among some language teachers, others strongly criticized
its use. This situation occurred for two main reasons. Certain language
teachers who used the Laboratory failed to implement appropriate
activities especially designed for Language Laboratory sessions. Other
teachers confused its role in the language classroom.
Deepika and
Kalarasan(2012), opined that with the most of advance computer hardware
performance and multimedia technology, pure software companies with the
experience in teaching software, providing pure software based Language
Laboratory solution. It contains the following advantages: Using
“Function Oriented” design concept, divided teaching method, with the
user-friendly interface, user can use it easily. By using professional
sound technology with video broadcasting function, the Language
Laboratory provides a rich environment to learning English Language.
Break through the traditional teaching method with the rich teaching
material content, the digital Language Laboratory motivates student’s
learning attitude, providing an interactive learning environment for
teaching of learning and teaching English Language.
Kilickaya
(2004) explained that language learners feel better with authentic
materials helping them involve in the real language as long as we, as
teachers, provide them with pedagogical support. Instructors may create
tasks from short academic lectures, radio programs, authentic
conversations, audio-books, songs, or short stories. In addition,
audio-visual equipment should be part of all language courses hi which
technology facilitates the teaching-learning process. In regard to
listening comprehension, most language programs include tape recording,
digital data or even computer software in their curriculum.
Smriti
(2013) opined that Laboratories were used in schools for the science
subjects. This implied that there has been no growth of Language
Laboratory in schools, colleges and tertiary institutions, reason been
that, there is low/no adequate fund for Language Laboratory in schools
in Nigeria. This hindered the effective teaching and learning of English
Language in schools.
Oyinloye (2010) stated that the teaching and
learning of English Language has been observed to be dwindling in the
Primary and Secondary schools in Nigeria. One of the reasons for this is
that most teachers are not competent enough to handle most aspects of
the language teaching (i.e Grammar, oral English and literature). The
attitude of these categories of teachers to the study of one aspect in
English language when they were in the college or university constitute
to their inability to teach English language. In addition to this, most
universities lack the basic equipment like language laboratory hence,
the teaching and learning of English language becomes very difficult
when it is taught without enough practice with equipments, learning
becomes boring and learners usually lose interest. It has been observed
that most of the Secondary schools lack Language Laboratory, in other
case, some has but it is not well equipped with Language Laboratory
equipments.
Smriti (2013) opined that despite this essential
setback, teachers and researchers claim that there are benefits of using
Language Laboratory in English Language classrooms. Some of the
benefits are as follows: the use of a modern Language Laboratory or
reading lab system will allow the students to learn any language or
improve their own reading and speaking skills and develop their own
native language comprehension at an accelerated rate. Listening skills
are primary in becoming fluent. Even Level II Language Laboratory (the
simplest type of system) help develop listening skills, allowing the
students to focus on the spoken word and there enhancing their ability
to repeat and understand the spoken language. In a Laboratory setting
the students can be subdivided into groups to either listen or respond
to the instructor’s program material or interact with each other in
conversational exercises. There are many types of exercises and
activities that can be developed by instructors for both mainstream and
special needs. The ability of each student to speak at the same time and
yet be audibly isolated from each other allows efficient use of time
and a higher degree of practice and learning. All students can practice
simultaneously (rather than one at a time) thus increasing the student’s
actual practice and fluency.
According to Oyinloye (2010), one of
the objectives of teaching and learning English and other languages in
the secondary school is to enable the learner to communicate effectively
in the target language. This implied that without practicing what have
been learnt in the classroom (i.e the use of Language Laboratory) there
will be a little set back in teaching and learning of English Language.
Therefore, the students should be exposed to the language equipments, in
other to practice what they have learnt in class.
Deepika and
Kalaiarasan(2012), stated that today’s educational climates is
increasingly diverse. Art has been seen as visual Language. The Language
Laboratory plays a key role to learn the foreign language in a happy
atmosphere and in a successful way. Both the teacher and the student’s
inputs are very important in this kind of learning activity. The efforts
of the both make the above points victorious. The Language Laboratory
is believed as self learning accessible, we need an expert to handle the
classes. Multicultural countries like Nigeria, students are taking taut
try to learn the English Language and its proficiency. We need a
solution that facilitates Language learning in a trouble-free way.
As
a matter of fact, it has been noticed by numerous scholars and
researchers that students in both secondary school and university level
have not been exposed to Language Laboratory not to talk more of using
it. Therefore the effective use of Language Laboratory will widen the
learners experiences and give ways of learning with self-expression in
essence, the importance of Language Laboratory such as
electro-kymograph, earphone or headset and audiovisual resources to the
teaching and learning English language cannot be underscored since
students academic performance is largely dependent on the amount
resources made available for teaching and learning the language
effectively.
Statement of the Problem
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Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of this study is to find out the impact of Language Laboratory
on the teaching and learning of English in selected senior secondary
schools in Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State.
This study is therefore intended to find out the following:
- The availability of language laboratory in selected schools
- The level of students’ ability in using language laboratory in learning of English language.
- The level of teachers’ ability in using language laboratory in the teaching of English language
- How the teaching /learning of English language can be facilitated through language laboratory
- The extent to which language laboratory has assisted students in learning English language
- How adequately equipped are the language laboratories
Significance of the Study
This
study focused primarily on the impact of Language Laboratory on the
Teaching and Learning of English Language in senior secondary schools.
Teachers and Students will benefit from the study as if will re-echo the
importance and the significance of using Language Laboratory equipment
for the teaching and learning of English Language. As it will enhance
learners language skills (i.e listening, speaking, reading and writing)
and also it will enhance or enable teachers to correct student
bilingualism for easiest comprehension. Language laboratory provides a
rich environment to learn English as it involve audio-visual (that is,
the students will be enabled to hear and see what they want to learn and
also give room or playback of recording programmes).
Delimitation of the Study
This
study is restricted to some selected senior secondary schools in Ado
Local Government Area of Ekiti State. It covers selected secondary
schools and the teachers and the students were respondents or case
study.
Research Questions
1 Are there language laboratories in the selected schools?
- What is the level of students’ ability in using language laboratory in learning English language?
- What is the level of teachers’ ability in using language laboratory in the teaching of English language?
- How can the teaching and learning of English language be facilitated through language laboratory?
- To what extent has language laboratory assisted students in learning English language?
- How adequately equipped are the language laboratories?
Assumptions
According to my own perspective, the use of Language Laboratory has a
great impact on the teaching and learning of English language. Language
Laboratory in teaching of English language will help teachers as it will
enable teachers to correct students’ bilingualism for easiest
comprehension.
Richard (2001), is of the view that
language laboratory is very useful in assessing students’ speech. It
provides students with technical tools to get the best sample of
pronunciation of the language.
Smriti (2013), also
stressed that the use of a modern language laboratory or reading
laboratory system will allow the student to learn any language or
improve their own reading and speaking skills, and develop listening
skills, and their native language comprehension at an accelerated rate.
Listening skills are primarily helpful in becoming fluent.
Even, level 1 language Laboratory (the simplest type of Language
Laboratory) helps develop listening skills allowing the student to focus
on the spoken word and therefore enhance their ability to repeat and
understand the spoken language.
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