STRATEGIES FOR ESTABLISHING LIVESTOCK FARMS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study Statement of the Problem
of the Study Statement of the Problem
Purpose
of the study
of the study
Significance
of the Study
of the Study
Scope
of the study
of the study
Research
Question
Question
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
III METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research Design
Area
of the Study
of the Study
Population of the Study
Sample
of the Study
of the Study
Instrument for Data Collection
Validation of the Instrument
Method of Data collection
Method of data analysis 29-30
IV PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
OF DATA
OF DATA
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
This project is
to assess the strategies of establising livestock farm in secondary school in
Ondo State. The study aim at determining things to be considered in
establishing livestock farm, procedures for establishing a livestock farm,
systems of livestock production and type of livestock to kept and reasons for
keeping livestock. It also examined the problems encountered and the way by
which livestock production in secondary schools can generally be improved. The
major instrument used for data collection for the study was the questionnaire
completed by the agricultural science teachers in the secondary schools sampled
in Ondo State. Data collected were analysed by simple percentages and
by means. Based on the data analysed, the following
findings were made; only few principals encouraged livestock keeping in
the schools. Inadequate capital, improper management, inadequate security, pest
and diseases were the major problems facing livestock production in
secondary schools. It is recommended that federal, state and
local government agricultural support system like the A.D.P, finance houses,
philantrophic organization and of course the school
authorities through their budget should all contribute either in
to assess the strategies of establising livestock farm in secondary school in
Ondo State. The study aim at determining things to be considered in
establishing livestock farm, procedures for establishing a livestock farm,
systems of livestock production and type of livestock to kept and reasons for
keeping livestock. It also examined the problems encountered and the way by
which livestock production in secondary schools can generally be improved. The
major instrument used for data collection for the study was the questionnaire
completed by the agricultural science teachers in the secondary schools sampled
in Ondo State. Data collected were analysed by simple percentages and
by means. Based on the data analysed, the following
findings were made; only few principals encouraged livestock keeping in
the schools. Inadequate capital, improper management, inadequate security, pest
and diseases were the major problems facing livestock production in
secondary schools. It is recommended that federal, state and
local government agricultural support system like the A.D.P, finance houses,
philantrophic organization and of course the school
authorities through their budget should all contribute either in
cash or kind
towards the enhancement of livestock production in secondary schools. Teachers
of agricultural education should be made to attend seminar and workshops in
livestock management so as to update and broaden their knowledge.
towards the enhancement of livestock production in secondary schools. Teachers
of agricultural education should be made to attend seminar and workshops in
livestock management so as to update and broaden their knowledge.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Agriculture is the art and science of
systematic production of plants and animals for man’s use through concerted
human management. According to Adegbola and Komolafe (1985) agriculture
occupies a strategic position in the social, economic and political development
of a nation. A nation that cannot feed her citizens is not only weak but has no
basis for continued existence. No wonder Sayarin (1826) said “Tell me what you
eat and I will tell you what you are. The fate of nations depend upon how they
are feed”.
systematic production of plants and animals for man’s use through concerted
human management. According to Adegbola and Komolafe (1985) agriculture
occupies a strategic position in the social, economic and political development
of a nation. A nation that cannot feed her citizens is not only weak but has no
basis for continued existence. No wonder Sayarin (1826) said “Tell me what you
eat and I will tell you what you are. The fate of nations depend upon how they
are feed”.
Tower (1994) defined Animal Science
as the scientific study of the structure, breeding and management of livestock.
as the scientific study of the structure, breeding and management of livestock.
The term is most often used for
domestic mammals raised for meat, meat production or dairy products (e.g
cattle, swine, horses, goats, sheep). Livestock animals are kept under human
control. They depend on him solely for food, shelter and protection (Midinyawa
2004).
domestic mammals raised for meat, meat production or dairy products (e.g
cattle, swine, horses, goats, sheep). Livestock animals are kept under human
control. They depend on him solely for food, shelter and protection (Midinyawa
2004).
During the 19th century, a
research was made into animal production and much particular attention was paid
to the reproduction, breeding, feeling and the care of animals (Sivia, 2009).
Examples of such animals are: cattle (beef and diary) sheep goat. Buffalo, reindeer, pigs,
poultry, rabbit. These animals are reared in large numbers in the world today,
since after independence, successive governments have been aware and have made
some efforts to find lasting solutions to problems confronting agricultural
production especially the livestock industry in the country. Most of the
efforts have been directed at formulating a number of policy measures to
enhance agricultural development. These policies manifested in the series of agricultural
programmes developed for the promotion of agricultural production, research,
extension services and other agricultural, services.
research was made into animal production and much particular attention was paid
to the reproduction, breeding, feeling and the care of animals (Sivia, 2009).
Examples of such animals are: cattle (beef and diary) sheep goat. Buffalo, reindeer, pigs,
poultry, rabbit. These animals are reared in large numbers in the world today,
since after independence, successive governments have been aware and have made
some efforts to find lasting solutions to problems confronting agricultural
production especially the livestock industry in the country. Most of the
efforts have been directed at formulating a number of policy measures to
enhance agricultural development. These policies manifested in the series of agricultural
programmes developed for the promotion of agricultural production, research,
extension services and other agricultural, services.
The presents day objectives of animal
domestication or livestock raising include the following stated by (Mijinyawa
2004).
domestication or livestock raising include the following stated by (Mijinyawa
2004).
As a source of food supply: Livestock
products such as meat, milk, egg, blood and cheese and very rich in various
nutrients required by man. They can either be cooked and eaten directly or
processed into dairy products.
products such as meat, milk, egg, blood and cheese and very rich in various
nutrients required by man. They can either be cooked and eaten directly or
processed into dairy products.
Raw materials: Hides skins, wool,
fur, bones, feathers and hoots are raw material. For the manufacture of various
items used by man which are being processed to leather, bag, shoes, belts,
gloves, sandals, foot ball case and many other product’s. They provide manure
for crops and their droppings are also used to make some manural materials.
Carcass, feathers and hoofs can be used
when decayed as manure to enrich agricultural land. The faeces can also be used
in the production of biogas and construction of granaries such as the rhumbu.
fur, bones, feathers and hoots are raw material. For the manufacture of various
items used by man which are being processed to leather, bag, shoes, belts,
gloves, sandals, foot ball case and many other product’s. They provide manure
for crops and their droppings are also used to make some manural materials.
Carcass, feathers and hoofs can be used
when decayed as manure to enrich agricultural land. The faeces can also be used
in the production of biogas and construction of granaries such as the rhumbu.
Animal bones are also used in the
production of ceramics and in food production as mineral supplement.
production of ceramics and in food production as mineral supplement.
Livestock can also serve as
experimental animals by researchers and students of agriculture, biology and
medicine.
experimental animals by researchers and students of agriculture, biology and
medicine.
They provide a source power: Animals
such as the camels, horses and donkeys are used for the transportation of goods
and persons from place to place while others such as the oxen provide draught
power which can be utilized in various agricultural operations.
such as the camels, horses and donkeys are used for the transportation of goods
and persons from place to place while others such as the oxen provide draught
power which can be utilized in various agricultural operations.
Religion and culture: In some parts
of Northern Nigeria most house holds have
livestock in their compounds to provide meat for the women, most of who are in
“purdah” and cannot freely go to the market for their needs. In some
communities, the keeping of a particular type of livestock animal may be done
because it is used for rituals. The Buddha religions regards the cow as a
sacred animal and as a result many families who practice Buddhism rear cattle
in their home because of its sacredness. People of the Islamic faith slaughter
animals especially the rain during their “id-El-kabir festival and the ram is
raised mainly to meet the annual demand.
of Northern Nigeria most house holds have
livestock in their compounds to provide meat for the women, most of who are in
“purdah” and cannot freely go to the market for their needs. In some
communities, the keeping of a particular type of livestock animal may be done
because it is used for rituals. The Buddha religions regards the cow as a
sacred animal and as a result many families who practice Buddhism rear cattle
in their home because of its sacredness. People of the Islamic faith slaughter
animals especially the rain during their “id-El-kabir festival and the ram is
raised mainly to meet the annual demand.
o
They
are reserve of family wealth as if is with the nomadic Fulani’s who determine a
man’s wealth by the size of his herd of cattle
They
are reserve of family wealth as if is with the nomadic Fulani’s who determine a
man’s wealth by the size of his herd of cattle
o
They
are source of foreign exchange earring to a country
They
are source of foreign exchange earring to a country
o
Sports
and recreation: Animal such as Bell is reared for sporting activities such as
“Polo” game while some people take pleasure in riding on the animals like horse
as a form of relaxation especially in the evenings
Sports
and recreation: Animal such as Bell is reared for sporting activities such as
“Polo” game while some people take pleasure in riding on the animals like horse
as a form of relaxation especially in the evenings
o
As
a source of employment. The raising of livestock on a large scales, requires
move labour than what a family can conveniently provide
As
a source of employment. The raising of livestock on a large scales, requires
move labour than what a family can conveniently provide
Both skilled and unskilled labour a
usually required in the industry and hence different classes of people can be
employed
usually required in the industry and hence different classes of people can be
employed
Statement of the Problem
Even though the curriculum for
secondary school agricultural education emphasized the management of at least
one ruminant animal and one non-ruminant animal in each secondary school, this has
not been practiced in some secondary school’s in Ondo State.
secondary school agricultural education emphasized the management of at least
one ruminant animal and one non-ruminant animal in each secondary school, this has
not been practiced in some secondary school’s in Ondo State.
This project is therefore designed to
find out the strategies for establishing livestock farms in secondary school in
Ondo State.
find out the strategies for establishing livestock farms in secondary school in
Ondo State.
Purpose of Study
The general purpose of this study is
to determine strategies for establishing livestock farms in secondary schools
in Ondo States.
to determine strategies for establishing livestock farms in secondary schools
in Ondo States.
Specifically the study seeks to find
out:
out:
1.
Things
to be considered in establishing livestock farms
Things
to be considered in establishing livestock farms
2.
Procedure
for establishing livestock farms
Procedure
for establishing livestock farms
3.
Things
to be considered in planning livestock programme
Things
to be considered in planning livestock programme
4.
Determine the systems of keeping livestock
farm
Determine the systems of keeping livestock
farm
5.
activities
needed for selecting good livestock for the farm
activities
needed for selecting good livestock for the farm
6.
Determine
the appropriate feed stuffs for livestock
Determine
the appropriate feed stuffs for livestock
7.
Types
of livestock to be kept
Types
of livestock to be kept
Significant of the Study
The result of this study will enhance
the promotion of livestock in secondary schools in Ondo State
by the following reasons.
the promotion of livestock in secondary schools in Ondo State
by the following reasons.
a.
It
will enhance interest of teachers and students of agriculture in secondary
schools in livestock production. And this will lead to full participation of
the student and teachers in animal rearing.
It
will enhance interest of teachers and students of agriculture in secondary
schools in livestock production. And this will lead to full participation of
the student and teachers in animal rearing.
b.
It
will also create the awareness of the school management to the strategies and
benefits that could be derived in livestock production
It
will also create the awareness of the school management to the strategies and
benefits that could be derived in livestock production
Scope of the Study
For the purpose of clarity and
avoidance of doubt the study “strategies for establishing livestock in
secondary schools in Ondo
State only focuses
attention in how establish livestock farm in secondary schools within this
particular area.
avoidance of doubt the study “strategies for establishing livestock in
secondary schools in Ondo
State only focuses
attention in how establish livestock farm in secondary schools within this
particular area.
Research Questions
The following research questions are
formulated for this study
formulated for this study
1.
What
are the things to be considered in establishing livestock farms?
What
are the things to be considered in establishing livestock farms?
2.
What
are the procedures needed for establishing livestock?
What
are the procedures needed for establishing livestock?
3.
What
are the system of livestock production?
What
are the system of livestock production?
4.
What
are the reasons for keeping livestock?
What
are the reasons for keeping livestock?
5.
What
are the activities needed in planning a livestock programme?
What
are the activities needed in planning a livestock programme?
6.
What
are the facilities needed for livestock production?
What
are the facilities needed for livestock production?
7.
What
are the types of livestock that will be adaptable to the environment?
What
are the types of livestock that will be adaptable to the environment?
8.
What
are the personnel required for managing livestock factors?
What
are the personnel required for managing livestock factors?
9.
What
are the source of fund for secondary schools that wish to embark on livestock
production?
What
are the source of fund for secondary schools that wish to embark on livestock
production?
10.
What
are the possible problems that can affect livestock production?
What
are the possible problems that can affect livestock production?
11.
How
do you control pests and diseases on the farm?
How
do you control pests and diseases on the farm?
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