EFFECT OF USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL ON PUPILS PERFORMANCE IN TEACHING BASIC SCIENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
OF THE STUDY
Basic Science is a subject dealing
with fundamental constituent of the universe, the force they exact on one
another and the result produced by these forces. Aiyelabagan (2003), writes
that Basic Science is derived from Greek term meaning nature. Therefore Basic
Science should be a science dedicated to the study of matter in relation to
energy. Abdullahi (1982), defines Basic Science as the study of the relationship between matter and
energy.
with fundamental constituent of the universe, the force they exact on one
another and the result produced by these forces. Aiyelabagan (2003), writes
that Basic Science is derived from Greek term meaning nature. Therefore Basic
Science should be a science dedicated to the study of matter in relation to
energy. Abdullahi (1982), defines Basic Science as the study of the relationship between matter and
energy.
The wrong notion of some people about
the abstractness of Basic Science should be corrected. Basic Sciences is not abstract
if taught with the right materials and method. Our environment is rich with
materials to be used if properly harmness. It is great important to note that
apart from physical and mental readiness and interest of the pupils on
different subjects, the academic standard of any school is likely to be
contingent upon instructional materials.
the abstractness of Basic Science should be corrected. Basic Sciences is not abstract
if taught with the right materials and method. Our environment is rich with
materials to be used if properly harmness. It is great important to note that
apart from physical and mental readiness and interest of the pupils on
different subjects, the academic standard of any school is likely to be
contingent upon instructional materials.
One major purpose of improvisation is
to allow pupils to take part in the process. According to Adediran (2006), when
learners participate in improvisation of instructional materials they are
exposed to creativity, innovation and curiosity all of which are fundamental to
teaching and learning of science. Today, there has been much concern about the
apparent falling standard of education mostly at the primary school level.
There is also mutual laying of blame the parent, blaming pupils for not being
interested for taking their studies serious. Parents are also blamed for their
inability to provide the pupils with the necessary tools to aids learning, and
the government for not providing schools with instructional materials that will
eventually foster efficiency in teaching and learning situation.
to allow pupils to take part in the process. According to Adediran (2006), when
learners participate in improvisation of instructional materials they are
exposed to creativity, innovation and curiosity all of which are fundamental to
teaching and learning of science. Today, there has been much concern about the
apparent falling standard of education mostly at the primary school level.
There is also mutual laying of blame the parent, blaming pupils for not being
interested for taking their studies serious. Parents are also blamed for their
inability to provide the pupils with the necessary tools to aids learning, and
the government for not providing schools with instructional materials that will
eventually foster efficiency in teaching and learning situation.
Many science teachers do not see
improvisation as anything to talk about or labour for. This is simply because
equipment are readily available in the market for teaching and learning.
Improvisation is very important to teaching and learning of science. Roding top
fatubarin (2001), improvisation in science teaching is described as an
important issue in science education which has attracted a lot of contribution
from science teachers. Science has been regarded as the bedrock of modern day
technological breakthrough is built. Nowadays, countries all over the world,
especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop
technologically and scientifically, science the world is turning scientific and
proper functioning of lives depend greatly on science.
improvisation as anything to talk about or labour for. This is simply because
equipment are readily available in the market for teaching and learning.
Improvisation is very important to teaching and learning of science. Roding top
fatubarin (2001), improvisation in science teaching is described as an
important issue in science education which has attracted a lot of contribution
from science teachers. Science has been regarded as the bedrock of modern day
technological breakthrough is built. Nowadays, countries all over the world,
especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop
technologically and scientifically, science the world is turning scientific and
proper functioning of lives depend greatly on science.
Some of the equipment we use in
teaching Basic Science can be improvised. There are discarded materials like
milk tins, broken plastic, and some wood that can be used for improvisation.
Many science teachers do not see improvisation as anything to talk about or
labour for. This is simply because equipments are readily available in the
market for teaching and learning. Improvisation in science subject is described
as an important issue in science education which has attracted a lot of
contributions from science teachers. According to Ogunleye (2002), science is a
dynamic human activity concerned with understanding to working of our world.
This understanding helps man to know more about the university. Without the
applications of science, it would have been difficult for an to explore the
other planets of the universe. Science comprises the basic disciplines such as
physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology. Many investigations have shown
that primary school pupils are exhibiting dwindling interest in science.
teaching Basic Science can be improvised. There are discarded materials like
milk tins, broken plastic, and some wood that can be used for improvisation.
Many science teachers do not see improvisation as anything to talk about or
labour for. This is simply because equipments are readily available in the
market for teaching and learning. Improvisation in science subject is described
as an important issue in science education which has attracted a lot of
contributions from science teachers. According to Ogunleye (2002), science is a
dynamic human activity concerned with understanding to working of our world.
This understanding helps man to know more about the university. Without the
applications of science, it would have been difficult for an to explore the
other planets of the universe. Science comprises the basic disciplines such as
physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology. Many investigations have shown
that primary school pupils are exhibiting dwindling interest in science.
Poor academic performance in Basic
Science could be attributed to many factors among which teacher’s strategy itself was considered as an important factor. This
imply that the mastery of science concepts might not be fully achieved with the
use of instructional materials the teaching of Basic Science without
instructional materials may certainly result in poor academic achievement. Frazer,
Okebukola and Jegede 2012) stressed that a professionally qualified science
teachers no matter how well trained, would unable to put this idea into
practice if the school setting lacks the equipment and materials necessary for
him or her to translate his competence into reality. Researchers such as Obioha
(2006), and Ogunleye (2002), reported that there were inadequate resources for
teaching science subject in primary schools in Nigeria. They further stated
that the available ones are not usually in good conditions. There is of
therefore, for improvisation.
Science could be attributed to many factors among which teacher’s strategy itself was considered as an important factor. This
imply that the mastery of science concepts might not be fully achieved with the
use of instructional materials the teaching of Basic Science without
instructional materials may certainly result in poor academic achievement. Frazer,
Okebukola and Jegede 2012) stressed that a professionally qualified science
teachers no matter how well trained, would unable to put this idea into
practice if the school setting lacks the equipment and materials necessary for
him or her to translate his competence into reality. Researchers such as Obioha
(2006), and Ogunleye (2002), reported that there were inadequate resources for
teaching science subject in primary schools in Nigeria. They further stated
that the available ones are not usually in good conditions. There is of
therefore, for improvisation.
Statement Of The Problem.
Inspite of the desire for
technological development, couple with the fact that Basic Science is a very
vital subject for technological development and as such its teaching and
learning as well as pupils’ poor academic performance have become a source of
concerns to all stakeholders. The problem of the present study is to investigate the effect of using improvised instructional materials on
the achievement of primary school pupils
in Basic Science. The main problem that calls for research work is the fact
that teacher particularly those in primary school often ignore the use of
instructional materials even when such materials are available in the school,
some consider their use and improvisation
as waste of time.
technological development, couple with the fact that Basic Science is a very
vital subject for technological development and as such its teaching and
learning as well as pupils’ poor academic performance have become a source of
concerns to all stakeholders. The problem of the present study is to investigate the effect of using improvised instructional materials on
the achievement of primary school pupils
in Basic Science. The main problem that calls for research work is the fact
that teacher particularly those in primary school often ignore the use of
instructional materials even when such materials are available in the school,
some consider their use and improvisation
as waste of time.
1.2 Purpose Of The Study
The purpose of this study is to find
the effect of use of instructional
materials on the pupils performance in teaching Basic Science in primary
schools
the effect of use of instructional
materials on the pupils performance in teaching Basic Science in primary
schools
Specifically,
this study sought to:
this study sought to:
1. Investigate
the availability of instructional materials for the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in the Primary schools in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State.
the availability of instructional materials for the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in the Primary schools in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State.
2. Determine
how often Basic Science teachers use
instructional materials to teach Basic Science in Primary
schools in Ilaje Local Government
Area of Ondo State.
how often Basic Science teachers use
instructional materials to teach Basic Science in Primary
schools in Ilaje Local Government
Area of Ondo State.
3. Investigate
the reason why instructional materials are not effectively used during Basic
Science teaching and learning in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State.
the reason why instructional materials are not effectively used during Basic
Science teaching and learning in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State.
4. To
determine the impact of instructional materials on the attitude of Basic
Science students towards the teaching
and learning of Basic Science in Primary schools in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo
State.
determine the impact of instructional materials on the attitude of Basic
Science students towards the teaching
and learning of Basic Science in Primary schools in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo
State.
1.4 Research Questions.
The following research questions. Were
raised to guide the study:
raised to guide the study:
1. Are
instructional materials available for the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in the Primary schools in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo
State?
instructional materials available for the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in the Primary schools in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo
State?
2. How
often do Basic Science teachers use
instructional materials to teach Basic Science in Primary
schools in Ilaje Local Government
Area of Ondo State?
often do Basic Science teachers use
instructional materials to teach Basic Science in Primary
schools in Ilaje Local Government
Area of Ondo State?
3. What
are the problems hindering effective use of instructional materials during Basic
Science teaching and learning in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State?
are the problems hindering effective use of instructional materials during Basic
Science teaching and learning in Ilaje
Local Government Area of Ondo State?
4. Do
instructional materials have impact on the attitude of Basic Science students towards the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in Primary schools in Ilaje Local
Government Area of Ondo State?
instructional materials have impact on the attitude of Basic Science students towards the teaching and learning of Basic
Science in Primary schools in Ilaje Local
Government Area of Ondo State?
1.5 Limitation Of The
Study
Study
The research was carried out within the
vicinity of ikere local so as to be able to accomplish it on time, considering
the time limit, which was given to researcher, limited finance, and some
logistic constraints.
vicinity of ikere local so as to be able to accomplish it on time, considering
the time limit, which was given to researcher, limited finance, and some
logistic constraints.
In addition, her final examination that was
almost at hand was also another area of constraints.
almost at hand was also another area of constraints.
1.6 Scope Of The Study
The research would be restricted to forty
pupils from primary four (4) to five (5) from selected primary school in Ikere
Local Government. It would have been ideal to include other pupils from
various classes, but due to limited time, human materials resources, she could not do so.
pupils from primary four (4) to five (5) from selected primary school in Ikere
Local Government. It would have been ideal to include other pupils from
various classes, but due to limited time, human materials resources, she could not do so.
1.7 Significance Of The
Study
Study
This study would be of immense importance
to primary school teacher who have long ignored the use of instruction in the classroom
teaching. Utilization of instructional material in the classroom teaching.
Utilization of instruction material coupled with the effective teaching also
brings about efficiency in teaching and leaning thereby revives the falling
standard of education.
to primary school teacher who have long ignored the use of instruction in the classroom
teaching. Utilization of instructional material in the classroom teaching.
Utilization of instruction material coupled with the effective teaching also
brings about efficiency in teaching and leaning thereby revives the falling
standard of education.
If the findings are made available to the
appropriate authorities, government and other who are interested in the efficiency
of learning will find this research very useful.
appropriate authorities, government and other who are interested in the efficiency
of learning will find this research very useful.
If the findings are made available to the
appropriate in the efficiency of learning will find this research very useful.
appropriate in the efficiency of learning will find this research very useful.
Teaching aids are an integral component in
any classroom. The many benefits of teaching aids include help learners improve
reading comprehension skills, illustration of reinforcing a skill or concept,
differentiating instruction and relieving anxiety or boredom by presenting
information in a new and exciting way. Teaching aids also engage pupils’ other senders
since there are no limits in what aids can be utilized when supplementing a
lesson.
any classroom. The many benefits of teaching aids include help learners improve
reading comprehension skills, illustration of reinforcing a skill or concept,
differentiating instruction and relieving anxiety or boredom by presenting
information in a new and exciting way. Teaching aids also engage pupils’ other senders
since there are no limits in what aids can be utilized when supplementing a
lesson.
1.8 Definition Of The
Terms
Terms
It is necessary to define the following
terms because of their unique use in the study.
terms because of their unique use in the study.
Academic performance: academic performance
can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines in doss as well as
extra curricular activities.
can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines in doss as well as
extra curricular activities.
Basic Science: Basic Science is “knowledge
attained through study or practice”, or knowledge covering general truths of
the operation of generally law, especially as obtained and tested through
scientific method land and concerned with the physical world.
attained through study or practice”, or knowledge covering general truths of
the operation of generally law, especially as obtained and tested through
scientific method land and concerned with the physical world.
Instructional materials: instructional
materials are learning materials or teaching aids that facilitate teaching and
learning.
materials are learning materials or teaching aids that facilitate teaching and
learning.
Improvisation: improvising in this study
refers to a way of producing or providing teaching aids that ate relevant to
the teaching of Basic Science.
refers to a way of producing or providing teaching aids that ate relevant to
the teaching of Basic Science.
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