ATTITUDE OF FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARD SPORTS PARTICIPATION IN IKERE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Sport is the umbrella that embraces all games ranging from teasing cots to high organize club athletics. Sport activities refer to game, dance and gymnastic unit taught in the curriculum, while fitness indicates an emphasis on the development of fitness concept. Also sport is a very high term and is very interesting and challenging.
In recent times, the concept of Female participation in sport has been an emerging area of research as efforts have been and are being made in getting more females to participate in sports. However, a lot more effort is still required to generate greater female participation in the world of sport. (LeUnes& Nation, 2002). Female participation in sports has been a controversial issue all over the world and Nigeria is not an exception. Involvement in sports has taken a new turn in which those who engage in sports have various reasons for participation. In the olden days, the reasons for participation in sports was for the sole purpose of survival but in the world today, those who engage in sports have various intrinsic and extrinsic motivation such as financial, satisfaction, social, psychological, and fulfillment. Participation in sports makes athletes and others fit for such activities that they might engage in. Fem-ales who participate in sports, recreation and physical activities are generally healthier, more confident and feel better than those who do not (New South Wales info Sheet, 2006, Orunaboka& Nathan, 2007). The emergence of women in sports is largely a twentieth century phenomenon. Women were not allowed as spectators in the first Olympics in 776 B.C. in Ancient particular time. Descriptive survey method enables the researcher to obtain the opinion of a representative sample of the target population so as to be able to infer the perception on the entire population. Greece and when the Olympics was revived, women were not allowed to participate. In fact women made their first appearance in the Olympics in the 1900 (Bucher, 1979).
Although there are no laws, which stated that women should not engage in sporting activities but there are societal expectations, which hinder them from doing so. These societal beliefs are strong to prevent women from venturing into areas believed to be for men only. Oworu (2003), Okonkwor (2011) and Ojeme, (2007) stated that what has conditioned the women folks to be what they are, is deeply rooted in the prejudicial social patterns of different cultures. Women, through the ages, have always been viewed to be made of sugar and spices. Consequently and in keeping with this metaphor, a feminine picture of woman was conjoined up which seems to militate against females doing anything too physical.
Babatunde, (2001) and Okonkwor, (2007), found that culture and tradition, age, gender, ordinal position, parents, as significant socio-cultural factors which influence female participation in sports. However, studies have not shown whether these could be found in tertiary institution in Ekiti State. Thus, the need to find out attitude of female secondary school student toward sport participation in Ikere Local Government Area Ekiti State in Nigeria.Rikard and Banville (2006) state that attitudes are born from beliefs that one has about him or herself and thing. Attitude shape ones behaviors in many ways and determine ones involvement in our daily activities.
Statement of the problem
Schools are used as a source of future generation for a given country. Moreover, the issue of gender, particularly, in the education sector has become a major concern. Physical education is one of the main areas that needs due attention of equal participation of both male and female students. The participation of female students is under several problems that resulted unequal participation between them in Nigeria in general and the study area in particular. Among other problems, lack of family guidance, lack of sports field material, socio-cultural problem and the existence of little researcher in the area as well as the failure to conduct schools competition at all levels; it was taken place; section to section, school to school, between Local government at State government level and at country level. The last problem i.e. absence of schools competitions has hindered, particularly the females, to show their talent, not to be recruited by clubs and so on.
The existing studies undertaken at Ikere will be limited in their area of interest. A research conducted by Fekadu (2005), with the main objective to assess female students’ participation and specifically tried to explore the challenges, socio-cultural and school factors. On the other hand, Andualem (2012) studied with an emphasis on female participation in athletics session. Even though the above studies have been conducted on their area of interest; they did not assess female students’ participation in the physical education both at classroom /theoretical/ and practical class activities. The researchers have observed that in Ikere local government, women cannot expose certain parts of their body and thus, women in this case cannot engage in sports because they have to put on dresses that would make them free to participate such as bikini for swimming, pants for athletics, shorts and vests for games. Therefore, this study will try to fill the gap on the above stated issues and strives to assess the trends of females’ student participation in the physical education both at theoretical and practical session in comprehensive manner by taking secondary schools in Ikere local government area of Ekiti State.
Purpose the Study
Specifically the research tried to address the following specific objectives.
- If academic performance of female secondary school students will influence their attitude towards sport participation.
- To investigate if religion can influence female secondary school student toward sport participation
- If family background will influence the attitude of female secondary school student toward sport participation.
- To examine if the interest of female influence their attitude towards sport participation
Significance of the Study
This study will used as a reference for further researches in the area of female participation in physical education class. The finding of the study will also inform the stakeholders about female participation in high school and preparatory school.
The findings of the study will further enlightens the strengths and weaknesses of female participation, which have enormous significance for the stake holders to take a peculiar interventions in the area and take into account in devising and implementation case specific intervention plan.
The study will be useful to school principal, physical and health education teacher, and other sport teachers in encouraging female secondary school students to participate in sport. The study will be useful to Ekiti State sport council and other sport agency, to promote female secondary school students in the area of sports. The study will be of importance and help to the female secondary school students, to have positive attitude towards sport participation. The out-come of this study will be of help to the researcher to acquire more wisdom and knowledge, about the attitude of female secondary schools students toward sport participation.
Scope of the study
The study will be delimited to the attitude of female secondary school student toward sport participation. The students of secondary school will be used as respondents. The survey design of the descriptive type of research will be used for this study. The research instrument will be self-structured questionnaire. The analysis of data will be done using descriptive statistics involving frequency counts and percentage to answer the research questions.
Research Questions
1 Will academic performance of female secondary school student influence their attitude toward sport participation?
- Can religion influence female secondary school student towards sport participation?
- Does family background influence the attitude of female secondary school studentstoward sport participation?
- Does the interest of female secondary school student influence their attitude towards sport participation?
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The review of literature for the study assessment of YOUR TOPIC will be carried out under the following sub-headings:
- Female and Education
- Female Participation in Education
- Female’s in Sport Activities
- Physical Education as an Academic Discipline
- Physical Education and the Needs of Society
- Educational Value of Co-Curricular Physical Activities
- The Importance of Physical Education and Sport Activities
- Factors Affecting Female Students Participation in Physical Education Class Activities
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